許聖民 Sheng-Min Hsu

Dr. Sheng-Min Hsu is an associate professor of Ophthalmology at National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Tainan. He received his medical degree at National Taiwan University in Taipei and doctoral degree at National Cheng Kung University in Tainan. His clinical work includes cataract surgery, uveitis and retinal diseases. His research focuses on animal models of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). His recent publication can be found in American Journal of Ophthalmology, Eye and FASEB journal.

Day 1 Saturday - 13 Dec 2025

Time Session
14:30
17:30
葡萄膜專題演講會 | Uveitis Symposium
EN
  • Session I: From Inflammation to Innovation: Exploring Mechanisms and Modeling in Retinal Disease?
    許淑娟 Shwu-Jiuan SheuTaiwan Moderator Risk factors associated with sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) severity and progression in diabetes mellitus (DM) patientsPurpose: This study aims to examine factors associated with sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) severity and progression in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Specifically, we focus on the initial HbA1C at diagnosis, its change at ophthalmologic visit and medication adherence (MR). Research Design and Methods: A prospective study involving 300 type II DM patients (≥20 years) was conducted from July 2022 to January 2024. MR was assessed using the Taiwanese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). DR progression was evaluated through a defined clinical scoring system. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression to examine the factors associated with STDR severity and progression. Results: After excluding 122 patients for missing data, 178 participants were analyzed. Changes in HbA1c were strongly associated with STDR. Both improvements and deteriorations or sustained high in HbA1c levels were linked to an increased likelihood of advanced DR scores compared to sustained low group. Those with sustained high HbA1c had the most impact. High initial HbA1c had a greater impact on females, age <65, patients lacking exercise or diet control. Patients with low or moderate MR showed significantly higher HbA1c level at ophthalmologic visit, and increased risk developing STDR. Age ≥65 years was a protective factor against higher DR scores. Conclusions: This study highlights the relationship between initial blood glucose levels at diabetes diagnosis, and subsequent HbA1c change during ophthalmology visits concerning DR severity and progression. High initial HbA1c might indicate the need for frequent ophthalmic visit.
    許聖民 Sheng-Min HsuTaiwan Moderator Pseudophakic Macular Edema: Stopping Vision Loss Before It StartsPseudophakic macular edema (Ervine-Gass syndrome) remains the most common cause of decreased visual acuity after uneventful cataract surgery. Previous study reported that 26.8% of eyes with pseudophakic macular edema did not recover 6/6 vision. Clinically significant pseudophakic macular edema impairing patients' vision is found in 1-2% of patients with its peak 6 weeks following surgery, but subclinical macular edema can be seen in about 30% of patients in FA and up to 40% in OCT. To date, there are no uniform recommendations for the treatment of pseudophakic macular edema. Therefore, I will present two cases of pseudophakic macular edema here and discuss the strategies for treatment.
  • Leveraging AI and in Silico Modeling in Uveitis
    Marion MunkSwitzerland Speaker Leveraging AI and in silico modeling in uveitsArtificial intelligence (AI) and in silico modeling hold growing potential in improving our understanding and clinical management of uveitis. This work highlights two complementary approaches: the use of AI to identify imaging-based risk factors for disease progression, and the application of computational biology to investigate potential immunological mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. Based on longitudinal clinical imaging data, machine learning tools were applied to extract and analyze relevant biomarkers with the aim of predicting inflammatory complications. In parallel, bioinformatic methods were used to explore structural and functional similarities between microbial and ocular proteins, supporting hypotheses around immune-mediated tissue damage. Together, these approaches demonstrate how AI-driven analysis and in silico tools can contribute to both individualized disease monitoring and a deeper insight into uveitis pathophysiologyLeveraging Bioinformatics to Identify Targetable Mechanisms in Diabetic Retinal DiseaseThis presentation highlights a bioinformatics-driven approach to understanding how different retinal cells respond to diabetic conditions, with the goal of identifying novel pathways relevant to disease progression and potential therapeutic intervention. By analyzing large-scale transcriptomic datasets from retinal tissue, gene expression changes specific to retinal cells can be mapped to key metabolic and inflammatory signaling networks. This method enables the discovery of altered pathways that may not be apparent through conventional analysis, providing deeper insight into the cellular mechanisms driving diabetic retinopathy. Focusing on pathway-level changes—such as those related to lipid metabolism, cytokine signaling, and cellular stress—this approach offers a powerful tool to uncover molecular targets that could be leveraged for future drug development. The integration of computational biology with retinal cell-specific data opens new avenues for precision medicine and the development of targeted therapies in diabetic retinal disease.
  • Discussion
  • Leveraging Bioinformatics to Identify Targetable Mechanisms in Diabetic Retinal Disease
    Marion MunkSwitzerland Speaker Leveraging AI and in silico modeling in uveitsArtificial intelligence (AI) and in silico modeling hold growing potential in improving our understanding and clinical management of uveitis. This work highlights two complementary approaches: the use of AI to identify imaging-based risk factors for disease progression, and the application of computational biology to investigate potential immunological mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. Based on longitudinal clinical imaging data, machine learning tools were applied to extract and analyze relevant biomarkers with the aim of predicting inflammatory complications. In parallel, bioinformatic methods were used to explore structural and functional similarities between microbial and ocular proteins, supporting hypotheses around immune-mediated tissue damage. Together, these approaches demonstrate how AI-driven analysis and in silico tools can contribute to both individualized disease monitoring and a deeper insight into uveitis pathophysiologyLeveraging Bioinformatics to Identify Targetable Mechanisms in Diabetic Retinal DiseaseThis presentation highlights a bioinformatics-driven approach to understanding how different retinal cells respond to diabetic conditions, with the goal of identifying novel pathways relevant to disease progression and potential therapeutic intervention. By analyzing large-scale transcriptomic datasets from retinal tissue, gene expression changes specific to retinal cells can be mapped to key metabolic and inflammatory signaling networks. This method enables the discovery of altered pathways that may not be apparent through conventional analysis, providing deeper insight into the cellular mechanisms driving diabetic retinopathy. Focusing on pathway-level changes—such as those related to lipid metabolism, cytokine signaling, and cellular stress—this approach offers a powerful tool to uncover molecular targets that could be leveraged for future drug development. The integration of computational biology with retinal cell-specific data opens new avenues for precision medicine and the development of targeted therapies in diabetic retinal disease.
  • Discussion
  • What Else Behind Diabetic Retinopathy Beside Anti-VEGF?
    賴佐庭 Tso-Ting LaiTaiwan Speaker ROP: Consensus of Pediatric Retina GroupOBJECTIVE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of childhood blindness, particularly in preterm infants. In Taiwan, the absence of national guidelines and the variability in clinical practice have highlighted the need for locally adapted consensus recommendations. METHODS: An expert panel of eleven ophthalmologists from eight tertiary centers in Taiwan convened to develop a consensus on ROP management. Through a structured process that included key question formulation, systematic literature review, iterative discussion, and voting, the panel established consensus statements. Agreement was defined as >/=75% of panelists voting "agree" or "strongly agree" using a five-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Consensus recommendations were developed across three major domains: screening, treatment, and follow-up. For screening, the panel endorsed criteria commonly used in Taiwan-gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g-but emphasized the need for population-based validation. Both anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and laser photocoagulation were recognized as acceptable first-line treatments for type 1 ROP, with individualized treatment decisions based on disease characteristics, anesthesia risk, and follow-up capacity. Guidelines were also established for the management of ROP reactivation, procedural protocols, and agent selection. For follow-up, the panel recommended extended surveillance after anti-VEGF therapy and outlined the criteria for identifying and monitoring persistent avascular retina. Follow-up schedules were proposed to detect long-term ocular and neurodevelopmental complications. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus provides updated evidence-based guidance for ROP care in Taiwan, addressing both traditional and emerging clinical challenges. These recommendations aim to standardize care practices while remaining adaptable to future research and evolving clinical needs.What Else Behind Diabetic Retinopathy Beside Anti-VEGF?Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been characterized as a microvascular disease, and anti-VEGF therapy remains one of the standard treatments for its sight-threatening complications. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder in which neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysregulated cell death pathways, and impaired autophagy play central roles. Preclinical studies highlight early retinal neurodegeneration, glial dysfunction, and microglia-mediated inflammation as substantial contributors to DR development and progression, which might precede clinically visible vascular changes. Oxidative stress is another major driver, triggering mitochondrial injury, endothelial dysfunction, and aberrant programmed cell death—including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis—which further accelerates neurovascular impairment. A growing body of experimental work has explored therapeutic strategies beyond VEGF suppression. Antioxidants such as astaxanthin have been shown to restore autophagy and enhance Nrf2-mediated defense mechanisms in photoreceptors under high-glucose stress—findings demonstrated in our own studies. Similarly, targeting inflammatory pathways with agents such as fenofibrate or cilostazol has been shown to reduce inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and retinal apoptosis in diabetic models. Additional approaches, including fibroblast growth factor 1 treatment and interventions aimed at preventing high-glucose-induced cellular senescence, further underscore the multifaceted nature of DR pathophysiology. Together, these insights suggest that DR extends far beyond vascular endothelial dysfunction, and effective long-term management may require therapies targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, neuroprotection, autophagy regulation, and metabolic resilience. This talk will review these emerging mechanisms and discuss future therapeutic perspectives that complement, rather than replace, anti-VEGF therapy.
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  • Session II: Regional Challenges in Uveitis Management across Asia
    林昌平 Chang-Ping LinTaiwan Moderator
    郭錫恭 Hsi-Kung KuoTaiwan Moderator
  • Revisiting Tuberculosis in Uveitis: Immunopathogenesis and the Role of Antitubercular Therapy
    Rina La Distia NoraIndonesia Speaker Revisiting Tuberculosis in Uveitis: Immunopathogenesis and the Role of Antitubercular Therapy.Tuberculosis-associated uveitis (TB-uveitis) remains a major cause of intraocular inflammation in TBendemic countries. Its immunopathogenesis involves both direct ocular infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and immune-mediated responses to mycobacterial antigens. The overlapping clinical features and absence of systemic TB in many cases make diagnosis and treatment particularly challenging. This presentation revisits the current understanding of TB-uveitis, focusing on the immune mechanisms involved and their clinical implications. We discuss how latent TB infection may act as a trigger for ocular inflammation and explore the limitations of existing diagnostic criteria. To address the uncertainty surrounding treatment decisions, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in Indonesia involving patients with uveitis of undetermined cause who tested positive for QuantiFERONTB Gold Plus. All participants received immunosuppressive therapy, with half receiving additional antitubercular therapy (ATT). At six months, the ATT group had significantly higher rates of complete uveitis resolution and fewer relapses during extended follow-up. We also conducted a translational study evaluating peripheral blood expression of interferon-inducible genes. A higher baseline gene expression score was associated with favorable treatment outcomes, suggesting a potential role for immune biomarkers in guiding therapy. This talk integrates clinical and translational findings to offer a more personalized and evidence-based approach to managing TB-uveitis. The goal is to move beyond empirical ATT toward tailored treatment strategies informed by immunologic profiles and regional disease patterns.
  • Discussion
  • Pattern and Distribution of Uveitis Etiologies in Taiwan: A Multi-Center Perspective
    許詠瑞 Yung-Ray HsuTaiwan Speaker Loose Zonules, Steady Hands: Saving the Unstable LensZonular dehiscence with vitreous prolapse represents one of the most challenging scenarios in cataract surgery. This case involves a 65-year-old female referred intraoperatively for severe temporal zonular dialysis extending 120° with vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber. In such situations, initial management options depend on the degree of capsular support and the surgeon’s familiarity with the anterior or posterior segment approaches. Possible options include: (1) primary pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy (PPLV) with Yamane double-needle intrascleral fixation of an IOL; (2) anterior vitrectomy with in-the-bag or supplemental scleral fixation of a one-piece IOL using sutures; (3) pars plana vitreous levitation–assisted phacoemulsification; or (4) use of hooks or rings to preserve capsular support for in-the-bag implantation. In this case, I stabilized the anterior capsule using iris retractors, performed a careful anterior vitrectomy, and completed a slow-motion phacoemulsification to minimize zonular stress. Following cortical cleanup, both an in-the-bag IOL and capsular tension ring (CTR) were successfully implanted. The patients visual acuity on postoperative day 1 was 0.9. This surgical video illustrates a practical surgical maneuver with controlled movements, vitreous management, and structural stabilization techniques that allow safe phacoemulsification even in the setting of profound zonular loss.Pattern and Distribution of Uveitis Etiologies in Taiwan: A Multi-Center Perspective Uveitis is a heterogeneous group of intraocular inflammatory disorders with diverse etiologies and variable regional patterns. To delineate the current epidemiologic landscape of uveitis in Taiwan, a nationwide multicenter retrospective study was conducted collaboratively by the Taiwan Ocular Inflammation Society. Newly diagnosed uveitis cases from July 2022 to June 2023 were collected from 15 tertiary referral centers across northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. A total of 1,654 cases were analyzed. The mean age at onset was 49.5 ± 18.3 years, with nearly equal sex distribution (50.6% male). Anatomical classification includes anterior uveitis (64.3%), followed by panuveitis (22.4%), posterior uveitis (11.0%), and intermediate uveitis (2.3%). Etiologically, 43.6% were non-infectious, 23.5% infectious, and 32.9% undifferentiated. The leading non-infectious entities were HLA-B27/ankylosing spondylitis–related uveitis (15.4%), glaucomatocyclitic crisis (5.0%), and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (3.3%). Among infectious causes, herpetic anterior uveitis (7.7%), cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (5.1%), and endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (3.9%) predominated. This large-scale multicenter study represents the most comprehensive epidemiological overview of uveitis in Taiwan to date. The unique disease pattern and relevant diagnostic challenges will be analyzed in this talk.
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  • Infectious Uveitis in Asia: Warning Scenarios Not to Be Missed
    黃謙傑 Jerry HuangTaiwan Speaker Infectious Uveitis in Asia: Warning Scenarios Not to Be MissedInfectious uveitis remains a significant cause of visual morbidity in Asia, demanding prompt diagnosis and management. This review highlights critical warning scenarios that clinicians must not overlook, including differentiating acute anterior uveitis from bacterial endophthalmitis, and distinguishing tuberculous retinal vasculitis from Eale's disease. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of recognizing sarcoidosis versus fungal endophthalmitis to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Comparative analysis underlines key clinical features, auxiliary investigations, and response to therapy, guiding accurate diagnosis in resource-limited settings. Awareness of these differing presentations and potential pitfalls is essential to prevent irreversible visual loss and to optimize patient outcomes.
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  • Session III: Sarcoidosis vs. TB
    黃奕修 Yih-Shiou HwangTaiwan Moderator
    蔡明霖 Bright TsaiTaiwan Moderator
    詹維鈞 Wei-Chun ChanTaiwan Moderator
  • Clinical Features and Treatments of Severe Ocular Sarcoidosis
    Kenichi NambaJapan Speaker Clinical feature and treatments of severe ocular sarcoidosisThe most common cause of uveitis in Japan is ocular sarcoidosis. Only cases meeting the diagnostic criteria qualify as ocular sarcoidosis, but the total number of suspected cases that do not meet the criteria is also significant. Ocular sarcoidosis presents with a wide range of ocular findings, affecting areas from the anterior to the posterior segment, and shows considerable individual variation. It often presents with little anterior chamber inflammation or vitreous opacity, frequently arising from elevated intraocular pressure due to gonio nodules, sometimes leading to misdiagnosis as primary open-angle glaucoma. Conversely, it can also present with severe findings, including marked vitreous haze, retinal vascular sheathing, retinal exudates, and cystoid macular edema, potentially leading to permanent visual impairment. The clinical course also varies significantly between individuals. Some cases resolve with a single treatment, remain stable without recurrence, and have a favorable visual prognosis. However, other cases involve prolonged inflammation necessitating long-term treatment. In such protracted cases, complications such as concomitant cataracts, secondary glaucoma, and macular degeneration frequently lead to visual impairment. Sarcoidosis is a disease relatively responsive to steroid therapy. Treatment primarily involves steroid eye drops along with mydriatic eye drops. If eye drops do not respond, oral steroids or periocular steroid injections are used. Oral methotrexate or oral adalimumab may sometimes be necessary. However, ocular sarcoidosis is a disease manifesting in waves of symptoms, and often resolves spontaneously. I will present actual cases and discuss the above points accordingly.
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  • Tackling Chronic Uveitis: Lessons from the Clinic and the Lab
    Soumyava BasuIndia Speaker Chronic uveitis: lessons from the clinic and the labChronic, recurrent inflammation is the primary cause of vision loss and structural complications (photoreceptor loss, cataract, glaucoma, and others) in uveitis. To understand if local factors drive chronic inflammation, we investigated the clinical patterns of recurrent inflammation, and the immunological landscape of vitreous samples, in non-infectious uveitis. In the clinical studies, we retrospectively analyzed HLA-B27 acute anterior uveitis (AAU) patients with documented 2 recurrences for the laterality patterns of recurrent inflammation. Recurrence patterns were classified as ipsilateral (group A) and contralateral (group B) based on the laterality of the second episode. We found that ipsilateral recurrences are more common and severe in HLA-B27 AAU, regardless of the presence of systemic disease or therapy. Similar results were also noted for recurrent inflammation in Behcet’s uveitis, supporting the hypothesis that an eye-specific immune memory exists in non-infectious uveitis. To further characterize the eye-specific immune-memory, we investigated the immune phenotypes and functional attributes of eye-infiltrating immune cells in the vitreous fluids of uveitis patients. Among the various memory T-cell populations in the vitreous, we found CD69+CD103+ tissue resident memory (TRM) T-cell populations. Although the primary function of these cells is long-term immune protection, these TRM cells have also been linked to chronic and recurrent inflammation in numerous autoimmune diseases affecting various organs. Our studies revealed that eye-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 TRMs are functionally distinct, antigen-responsive, and associated with disease prognosis in uveitis, underscoring their potential as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets.
  • Discussion
  • Session IV: Local Perspectives of Uveitis Management in Taiwan
    葉伯廷 Po-Ting YehTaiwan Moderator
    張祐誠 Yo-Chen ChangTaiwan Moderator
    陳怡杏 Chen Yi-HsingTaiwan Moderator
  • Decoding Intraocular Masquerade
    Sarah CouplandUnited Kingdom Speaker Uveal melanoma prognostication: beyond chromosome 3Prognosis for uveal melanoma (UM) is determined by a combination of clinical, histopathological, and molecular factors. Clinical markers include tumour size and location, while histopathological factors include cell type and mitotic activity. The Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre has a long track record in UM prognostication, and has devised an algorithm (LUMPO3) for more precise risk stratification and identifying patients at high risk for metastasis. It is a multiparametric model, which also included genetic data, particularly chromosome 3 and 8. It has been demonstrated that BAP1 immunohistochemistry is a very close surrogate for the status of the BAP1 gene, which if mutated is associated with a poor prognosis in UM. Our recent work has investigated the inclusion of BAP1 immunohistochemistry in LUMPO3, in labs where chromosomal analysis is not available. Early detection of metastatic UM is critical, as the prognosis is poor once widespread metastases develop. If detected earlier, surgical and newer immunotherapy options have been demonstrated to prolong survival.Decoding intraocular masqueradeIntraocular lymphomas can be divided into 3 main subtypes: primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL), primary choroidal lymphoma, and secondary intraocular lymphoma. VRL is a rare but aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the eye. The most common subtype is a Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and displays a similar morphology, immuno- and genetic profile to the primary CNS lymphomas. Indeed, VRL can relapse in the CNS, and similarly CNSL can involve the eye. VRL often "masquerades" as chronic uveitis, making early and accurate diagnosis challenging but crucial for effective treatment and improved prognosis. In contrast, primary choroidal lymphoma is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma similar to the Marginal Zone B-cell lymphomas of the ocular adnexa, and do not spread to the CNS. This lecture will provide an update about the biology, diagnostics and treatment of VRL and choroidal lymphomas. It will also provide examples of differential diagnoses to consider in vitrectomy specimens.Update of Ocular Adnexal LymphomasOcular adnexal lymphomas are most commonly non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that develop in the conjunctiva, eyelid, lacrimal gland, and orbit. The most common subtype is an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL), which often presents as a painless, salmon-coloured lesion on the conjunctiva or as a mass causing symptoms like proptosis, double vision, or swelling in the orbit. Other common NHL of the ocular adnexa include follicular lymphomas, diffuse large cell B-cell lymphomas and mantle cell lymphomas. Treatment varies as per lymphoma subtype and requires joined-up assessment with the haematologists and radiologists. Typically treatment is local with low-dose radiation therapy being a standard option for localised disease, while systemic treatment may be used for more advanced cases. This lecture will provide an update about the biology, diagnostics and treatment of ocular adnexal lymphomas.
  • Ocular Complications and Long-Term Care in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients
    賴勇仁 Yung-Jen LaiTaiwan Speaker Ocular Complications and Long-Term Care in Immunocompromised Pediatric PatientsThis presentation provides a comprehensive overview of ocular complications in immunocompromised pediatric patients, drawing on the clinical experience of a tertiary referral center. We will outline the classification, diagnosis, and treatment protocols for opportunistic infections, with a specific focus on cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and fungal chorioretinitis in children. Beyond acute infection control, we will discuss the critical management of long-term sequelae, including recurrences, tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and cataract formation. This session highlights the necessity of a systematic, multidisciplinary approach to preserve vision in this high-risk pediatric population.
  • Inherited Retinal Disease-Associated Uveitis
    李岳章 Yueh-Chang LeeTaiwan Speaker Inherited Retinal Disease-Associated UveitisInherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are traditionally regarded as non-inflammatory disorders characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration. However, uveitis may occasionally occur in patients with IRDs, creating diagnostic challenges and influencing therapeutic decisions. This presentation highlights two clinically important scenarios illustrating this overlap: retinal pigmentary changes mimicking retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as a manifestation of advanced uveitis, and recurrent macular edema in advanced RP that responds to intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Chronic or recurrent posterior uveitis can produce pigmentary alterations resembling the bone-spicule pattern seen in RP, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of a primary inherited dystrophy. Correctly identifying inflammation-induced pigmentary change is essential, as addressing the underlying uveitis may alter disease course. Conversely, in patients with genetically confirmed RP, macular edema—often persistent or recurrent—may show meaningful improvement after anti-VEGF treatment, suggesting that secondary vascular leakage and inflammatory activity contribute to visual decline in these eyes. Emerging genetic and mechanistic reports suggest that inflammation may play a role in selected IRDs. Variants in genes such as CRB1, ALPK1, CAPN5, and VCAN1 have been associated with impaired retinal barrier function, activation of proinflammatory pathways, altered immune regulation, or abnormal vitreous architecture, each of which may increase susceptibility to inflammatory manifestations. While these findings are not universal across all IRDs, they provide potential explanations for cases in which uveitis precedes, accompanies, or complicates retinal degeneration. Recognizing these overlapping presentations is important for accurate interpretation of retinal findings, appropriate use of imaging and genetic testing, and individualized therapeutic planning, particularly in patients presenting with atypical features or unexplained inflammation.
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701F

Day 2 Sunday - 14 Dec 2025

Time Session
08:00
12:00
白內障手術專題演講會 | Cataract Surgery Symposium
EN
  • Section 1: Shaping the Future of Cataract Surgery: Innovations, Challenges, and Pearls
    張淑雯 Shu-Wen ChangTaiwan Moderator
    林鴻源 Bryan Hung-Yuan LinTaiwan Moderator
    戴明正 Ming-Cheng TaiTaiwan Moderator
    潘志勤 Chih-Chin PanTaiwan Moderator 眼科醫師在校園視力保健及公共衛生推廣中的角色摘要 眼科醫師在校園視力保健及公共衛生推廣中，扮演著遠超過「診療者」的多元且關鍵角色。他們是整個視力保健體系中的專家、倡議者、教育者與把關者。 眼科醫師在此領域中的多重角色： 一、 校園視力保健中的直接角色 在校園這個第一線場域，眼科醫師的角色從被動治療轉為主動出擊。 二、 公共衛生推廣中的核心角色 在更宏觀的公衛層面，眼科醫師是政策與民眾之間的橋樑，是推動全民視覺健康的引擎。 總結 眼科醫師在校園視力保健與公衛推廣中的角色，已從傳統的「醫療端」向前延伸至「預防端」和「政策端」。對於提升整體國民的視覺健康與生活品質，及一個國家的公共衛生和發展至關重要。
  • Neuroadaptation in Premium IOL Patients
    Filomena RIBEIROPortugal Speaker Neuroadaptation in Premium IOL PatientsNeuroadaptation is a key determinant of visual success and satisfaction after implantation of premium intraocular lenses. This session will discuss how the brain adapts to new optical conditions created by simultaneous vision IOLs, integrating multiple focal points while minimising photic phenomena. Clinical data and patient-reported outcomes will illustrate the variability and time course of adaptation, highlighting the influence of IOL design and individual neural plasticity. Understanding and supporting neuroadaptation are essential to optimise outcomes and enhance patient experience with modern premium IOL technologies.ESCRS Multiformulas IOL Power Calculator AccuracyAccurate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation remains a critical determinant of refractive outcomes following cataract surgery. The ESCRS IOL Calculator integrates modern formulas to improve prediction accuracy and support IOL selection across diverse biometric profiles. This lecture will review recent data assessing the performance of the ESCRS Calculator in comparison with individual formulas, focusing on its refractive predictability, consistency across axial lengths, and clinical usability. Results from validation studies and real-world datasets will be presented, highlighting the calculator’s strengths and limitations, as well as its role in optimising outcomes in standard and challenging eyes. The session will also address practical considerations for integration into clinical workflow and the ongoing evolution of formula combinations as biometry and lens technology continue to advance.
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  • Intraoperative Aberrometry: Benefits or Distractions?
    Prin RojanapongpunThailand Speaker Intraoperative Aberrometry: Benefits or Distractions?Intraoperative Aberrometry (IA) is a microscope-mounted aberrometer that uses a laser wavefront analyzer to provide an intraoperative refractometer with live measurement. IA utilizes real-time wavefront analysis to measure IOL power in the aphakic state (after I&A but before IOL implantation), guiding Toric IOL axis alignment, and confirming final refraction in the pseudophakic stage (after IOL implantation). IA serves as an IOL power verification process by providing aphakic measurements. IA has demonstrated improved accuracy compared to preoperative biometry and is most beneficial in complex cases, including post-refractive surgery eyes, eyes with uncertainty in preoperative biometry, and cases involving premium and toric IOL implantation, which results in less postoperative residual astigmatism. IA accuracy is highly dependent on meeting specific intraoperative conditions. Erroneous measurements can occur due to factors like eyelid squeezing, speculum pressure, eye position/fixation, abnormal eye pressure, media conditions (OVD type and refractive index), corneal status, small pupil size, and IOL specifics. Caution is recommended when IA readings disagree significantly with preoperative measurements (e.g., a vector difference of 0.5 D in cases of low astigmatism). Conclusion: Intraoperative Aberrometry is beneficial, especially for eyes with abnormal axial length, prior refractive surgery, toric IOLs, multifocal lenses, or uncertain biometry. IA functions as an additional measurement and verification tool. While IA can be beneficial when the surgeon masters the technique and all variables are optimized, it could be a distraction if optimization is not met.
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  • Refractive Cataract Surgery to Correct and Eliminate Presbyopia to Achieve Better Vision in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
    Matteo PiovellaItaly Speaker Refractive cataract surgery to correct and eliminate presbyopia to achieve better vision in patients undergoing cataract surgerySynopsis Refractive cataract surgery is now replacing standard high-volume, low-cost cataract surgery with monofocal IOL implantation. The possibility is to correct refractive defects, myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism and overcome presbyopia limitations. It is necessary to change the preoperative patient procedures and manage Meibomian gland dysfunction in cataract patients. Normally three treatments should be applied: BlephEx (Alcon) to eliminate Demodex blepharitis Biofilm and to open glands duct LipiFlow (J&J) to get postoperative refractive emmetropia. In this course, we will review state-of-the-art knowledge on refractive cataract surgery in pursuing highly satisfactory uncorrected distance, intermediate and near vision. Routine dry eye management will be discussed. Advanced biometry, multiple shots and new procedures will be explained and demonstrated .The new technical model for the adoption of refractive cataract surgery: biometry evaporative dry eye pupil-dependent trifocal IOLsSynopsis PRESENTATION will certify as postoperative precise IOL power detection is based on quality of tear film to provide cornea smooth surface.Improvements . Multiple biometry exams are needed until refractive IOLs power stabilization Objective The MAPRY/clear oil protocol is based on consecutive session with three phisical treatments. First treatment applied is Blephex(LLC) to remove Demodex, Biofilm and to unclog excretory channels of the meibomian glands Second Treatment,LipiFlow (J&J),replaces occlusions of the MG warming the material responsible of MGD improving a solid sttatification into the liquid state easier to remove. ILux (Alcon)expels deeply from the meibomian glands the substances responsible for their obstruction. The MAPRY protocol is based on one session per month at least for 5 months, depending the grade and penetration ofhronic eyelids inflammation
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  • IOL Exchange in the Premium IOL Era: Challenges and Solutions
    Burkhard DickGermany Speaker ESCRS Cataract Guidelines RecommendationsThe ESCRS Cataract Guidelines represent a comprehensive and evidence-based framework designed to support cataract surgeons across Europe in delivering safe, effective, and consistent care. In this presentation, an overview of the most relevant recommendations will be provided as well as key updates based on the latest clinical evidence. Drawing from robust literature reviews and expert consensus, the ESCRS Guidelines cover the full patient journey: from preoperative assessment and biometry, to surgical technique, IOL selection, intraoperative considerations, and postoperative care. Emphasis will be placed on areas of evolving practice (SV IOL and infection prophylaxis). Background will be given on how the guideline development process was designed to ensure practical relevance while maintaining scientific rigor, and how implementation can be supported across diverse healthcare settings. The goal is not only to standardize best practices but also to allow flexibility where justified by patient needs or surgical complexity. This talk aims to provide attendees with clear, actionable insights from the ESCRS Cataract Guidelines that can enhance surgical outcomes and support continuous quality improvement in cataract care.IOL Exchange in the Premium IOL Era: Challenges and SolutionsThe rise of simultaneous vision intraocular lenses (SV IOLs), including multifocal, extended depth of focus, and toric designs, has significantly expanded visual outcomes in cataract and refractive surgery. However, this progress has been accompanied by an increase in the complexity and frequency of postoperative patient dissatisfaction, leading to a higher demand for IOL exchange in select cases. This presentation explores the unique challenges of IOL exchange in the era of SV IOL technologies. Key indications for explantation will be reviewed, including suboptimal visual quality, dysphotopsia, residual ametropia, and rotational instability. Emphasis will be placed on clinical decision-making, diagnostic precision, and the timing of intervention, particularly in light of evolving patient expectations. Surgical strategies for safe and effective explantation will be discussed. In addition, the importance of careful patient selection, preoperative counseling, and enhanced biometric planning as critical factors in reducing the need for IOL exchange will be highlighted. Emerging technologies that may support more accurate IOL selection and customization will also be briefly introduced. This talk aims to provide practical guidance for surgeons facing the growing demands of managing SV IOL complications and achieving optimal outcomes through safe exchange procedures.
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  • Power and Precision: The New Era of Phacoemulsification Technology
    Thomas KOHNENGermany Speaker Power and Precision: The New Era of Phacoemulsification TechnologyBridging Cornea and Lens: The Modern Role of Phakic IOLs in a Myopic WorldFrom Awareness to Action: Stepwise Learning to Manage Capsular Rupture During Cataract Surgery
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  • Two Eyes, One Day: The Evolving Landscape of Immediate Sequential Cataract Surgery
    Justin SherwinAustralia Speaker Two Eyes, One Day: The Evolving Landscape of Immediate Sequential Cataract SurgeryImmediate bilateral sequential lens-based surgery is increasingly adopted as a safe, effective, and patient-centred option for cataract and lens-based refractive procedures. This presentation reviews recent evidence on epidemiology, practice patterns, and outcomes across cataract surgery, refractive lens exchange, and phakic IOL implantation. Studies demonstrate high efficacy in achieving refractive targets, rapid recovery of binocular vision, and consistent improvements in quality of life. Advances in biometry, surgical technology, and IOL design have further enhanced predictability and safety. Safety remains central, with very low rates of bilateral complications when established risk-reduction protocols—separate instrumentation, asepsis, and adherence to guidelines—are followed. Comparisons with delayed sequential surgery show equivalent visual and refractive outcomes, along with reduced healthcare burden. This session will highlight current evidence on efficacy, safety, visual and refractive outcomes, and patient-reported benefits, while considering future directions in the expanding role of immediate bilateral sequential lens-based surgery.
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  • Phacoemulsification: Challenging and Interesting Cases
    Pannet PangputhipongThailand Speaker Phacoemulsification: Challenging and Interesting CasesPhacoemulsification in complex cases is always challenging. Situations such as hard nucleus, intumescent cataract, posterior polar cataract, loose zonule, or small pupil require special surgical techniques to overcome the difficulties. In some patients, multiple complexities may occur simultaneously, making the procedure extremely challenging—sometimes described as a surgeon’s nightmare. This presentation will highlight selected interesting cases and demonstrate strategies to manage them safely, guiding surgeons on how to navigate through these “war zone” scenarios with confidence.Challenges in Soft Nucleus: Don’t Drown in Shallow WaterPhacoemulsification in soft nuclei can be challenging if inappropriate techniques are used. The soft nature of the nucleus makes nuclear disassembly difficult. Chopping and rotation are not easily performed because the chopper tends to cut through the nuclear mass when cracking or rotational force is applied, without achieving satisfactory results. The phaco tip also cannot hold the nucleus firmly enough during chopping or pulling. “Stab Test” using a 27g. hydrodissection canular to determine the hardness of the nucleus before performing hydrodissection is essential, in order to choose the most appropriate phaco technique. Special techniques such as Hydro Subluxation + Aspiration, Hydro Subluxation + Flip & Chop, Half Bowl + Rim Aspiration, and Chip & Flip (I. Howard Fine) will be discussed, including phacodynamics for soft nuclei. When proper techniques are applied, surgery can be performed safely and effectively.
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  • Intracorneal Implants in the Cataract Age: Expanding Vision Beyond Lenses
    Marco FantozziItaly Speaker Intracorneal Implants in the Cataract Age: Expanding Vision Beyond LensesIntracorneal Implants in the Cataract Age: Expanding Vision Beyond Lenses Introduction: Intracorneal implants were developed as an additive, minimally invasive, and removable approach to address presbyopia and loss of accommodation. Designed to complement rather than replace existing ocular structures, they can be used in near-emmetropic eyes or combined with laser refractive procedures and monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) for pseudophakic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of combined cataract surgery and intracorneal microlens implantation
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  • Section 2: Trap or Tragedy in Cataract Surgery
    吳建良 Chien-Liang WuTaiwan Moderator
    陳俊良 Jiunn-Liang ChenTaiwan Moderator
    李原傑 Yuan-Chieh LeeTaiwan Moderator
    吳孟憲 Meng-Hsien WuTaiwan Moderator
  • When the Capsule Gives Way: Winning the Posterior Rupture Battle (Presentation and Discussion)
    許粹剛 Tsui-Kang HsuTaiwan Speaker When the Capsule Gives Way: Winning the Posterior Rupture BattleCataract surgery is the most commonly performed operation in ophthalmology and despite tremendous instrumental and technological advancements, posterior capsular rupture (PCR) still occurs. PCR occurs both in all eye surgeons, although with a higher frequency in the newer starter group. Additionally, certain types of cataracts are prone to this development. If handled properly in a timely method, the eventual outcome may be no different from that of an uncomplicated case. However, improper management may lead to serious complications with a higher incidence of permanent visual impairment. The speech disclose the management of PCR from two perspectives: 1. Identifying patients with higher risk and know the sign of early PCR, and measures to manage such patients by surgical maneuver, and 2. Intraoperative management of posterior capsular rupture with anterior vitrectomy with different setting and various case scenarios to prevent further long-term complications. Solution for Residual Large Lens Material with PCRCompromise of the posterior capsule can occur in the hands of both new and experienced surgeons. Learning how to prevent, avoid, or efficiently manage posterior capsular rupture (PCR) is important. If PCR is present with residual lens material and vitreous loss, it is important to disentangle the vitreous from any nuclear/cortical fragments to ensure their safe removal without creating vitreous traction in case of retinal detachment. The vitreous can be stained by using preservative-free triamcinolone to delineate its presence in the anterior chamber and any incarceration in the wound. Anterior vitrectomy can be performed to remove the vitreous from the anterior segment properly. Alternatively, suppose the surgeon is comfortable with a pars plana approach which is better route. In that senario, a pars plana vitrectomy can be done, which helps to pull the vitreous back to the posterior segment, and avoids excessive anterior chamber manipulation. The pars plana approach may also permit better access to residual lens material—the vitrector may be used to clear nuclear and cortical material with a change in settings. At the end of the case, the wounds should be checked carefully to ensure no vitreous is present. A suture or more if necessary, depending on wound size, should be placed at the primary wound. Pupillary miosis should be done to inspect the pupil. If the pupil is peaked, there is likely vitreous still present in the anterior chamber and possibly in the wound. Once the vitreous is adequately cleared, one may carefully resume phacoemulsification and insert an IOL in various methods.
  • Loose Zonules, Steady Hands: Saving the Unstable Lens (Presentation and Discussion)
    許詠瑞 Yung-Ray HsuTaiwan Speaker Loose Zonules, Steady Hands: Saving the Unstable LensZonular dehiscence with vitreous prolapse represents one of the most challenging scenarios in cataract surgery. This case involves a 65-year-old female referred intraoperatively for severe temporal zonular dialysis extending 120° with vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber. In such situations, initial management options depend on the degree of capsular support and the surgeon’s familiarity with the anterior or posterior segment approaches. Possible options include: (1) primary pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy (PPLV) with Yamane double-needle intrascleral fixation of an IOL; (2) anterior vitrectomy with in-the-bag or supplemental scleral fixation of a one-piece IOL using sutures; (3) pars plana vitreous levitation–assisted phacoemulsification; or (4) use of hooks or rings to preserve capsular support for in-the-bag implantation. In this case, I stabilized the anterior capsule using iris retractors, performed a careful anterior vitrectomy, and completed a slow-motion phacoemulsification to minimize zonular stress. Following cortical cleanup, both an in-the-bag IOL and capsular tension ring (CTR) were successfully implanted. The patients visual acuity on postoperative day 1 was 0.9. This surgical video illustrates a practical surgical maneuver with controlled movements, vitreous management, and structural stabilization techniques that allow safe phacoemulsification even in the setting of profound zonular loss.Pattern and Distribution of Uveitis Etiologies in Taiwan: A Multi-Center Perspective Uveitis is a heterogeneous group of intraocular inflammatory disorders with diverse etiologies and variable regional patterns. To delineate the current epidemiologic landscape of uveitis in Taiwan, a nationwide multicenter retrospective study was conducted collaboratively by the Taiwan Ocular Inflammation Society. Newly diagnosed uveitis cases from July 2022 to June 2023 were collected from 15 tertiary referral centers across northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. A total of 1,654 cases were analyzed. The mean age at onset was 49.5 ± 18.3 years, with nearly equal sex distribution (50.6% male). Anatomical classification includes anterior uveitis (64.3%), followed by panuveitis (22.4%), posterior uveitis (11.0%), and intermediate uveitis (2.3%). Etiologically, 43.6% were non-infectious, 23.5% infectious, and 32.9% undifferentiated. The leading non-infectious entities were HLA-B27/ankylosing spondylitis–related uveitis (15.4%), glaucomatocyclitic crisis (5.0%), and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (3.3%). Among infectious causes, herpetic anterior uveitis (7.7%), cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (5.1%), and endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (3.9%) predominated. This large-scale multicenter study represents the most comprehensive epidemiological overview of uveitis in Taiwan to date. The unique disease pattern and relevant diagnostic challenges will be analyzed in this talk.
  • Blinded by White: Cracking the Mature Cataract Safely (Presentation and Discussion)
    王孟祺 Meng-Chi WangTaiwan Speaker Blinded by White: Cracking the Mature Cataract Safely (Presentation and Discussion)This is an unusual white cataract with posterior synechiae and silicone oil in the vitreous cavity following previous retinal detachment surgery.Before starting the procedure, we noticed some emulsified silicone oil at the apex of the anterior chamber.I injected trypan blue through the side port to stain the anterior capsule, followed by OVD injection from the opposite angle to replace and remove the dye as well as the silicone oil.After using a flat needle to separate the posterior synechiae, four iris hooks were placed to enlarge the small, fixed pupil. Unfortunately, the initial staining was insufficient, so I performed a second capsule stain.At this point, wrinkles and fibrosis over the anterior capsule were noted, so I decided to use an MVR blade to create the initial cut for the CCC.The anterior capsule had thickened significantly, making it hard to tear. After several unsuccessful attempts to tear the anterior capsule with the CCC forceps, I switched to microscissors to complete the capsulorhexis as round as possible.Regrettably, it was not possible to complete the capsulorhexis on the opposite side, so I attempted to use the CCC forceps once more. Fortunately, I was finally able to complete the capsulorhexis, although it was quite small and irregular. Since the anterior capsule was quite thick, I was not concerned about causing a radial tear during hydrodissection.It was quite easy to rotate the nucleus afterwards.Since the nucleus was rock-hard, I attempted to use the stop-and-chop technique, initiated by a long and deep sculpting.If the sculpting is not deep enough, it will be difficult to crack and completely bisect the hard nucleus.Take your time and spread your phaco tip and second instrument along the trench, section by section.Afterwards, rotate the nucleus 90 degrees away. At the same time, the milkified cortex was floating outside the capsule.I buried the phaco tip as deep as possible into the center of the nucleus. This allowed me to hold the nucleus firmly and chop it vertically without detaching it from the phaco tip.After cracking the nucleus into smaller pieces, I was able to manage each piece within the central pupillary area safely and efficiently.It is important to separate the leathery tethering part of the posterior pole completely; otherwise, it will be difficult to keep the nucleus pieces under control. If you follow this principle and take your time, you will be able to complete emulsification safely and effectively within the limited space, with a CDE of only 18.77. Another surprise emerged after I cleaned the nucleus: I found a large central fibrotic plaque on the posterior capsule, with nearly no epinucleus or cortex remaining. Silicon oil was shiny behind the posterior capsule.In this situation, it’s impossible to perform primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC); therefore, I decided to use a YAG laser to open the posterior capsule one month later.Following the injection of OVD into the capsular bag, an aspheric hydrophobic intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted smoothly.After removing the iris hooks, I used micro scissors to trim the redundant tags from the CCC margin.The entire procedure was completed with stroma hydration for the main wound and all side ports. We could notice the dense fibrotic plaque over the central axis during the slit lamp examination the day after surgery. However, the central visual axis could still become clear after YAG capsulotomy, and fundus photography could be taken beautifully.
  • Post-Op Red Flag: Beating Inflammation or Infection? (Presentation and Discussion)
    林純如 Chun-Ju LinTaiwan Speaker Post-Op Red Flag: Beating Inflammation or Infection?Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed ophthalmic procedures and is generally associated with excellent visual outcomes. However, postoperative inflammation or infection can still lead to serious complications if not promptly recognized and managed. Distinguishing routine postoperative inflammation from sterile hyper-inflammatory reactions or early infectious endophthalmitis remains a clinical challenge. Importantly, reviewing the patient’s past medical and ocular history is essential, as underlying conditions such as uveitis, autoimmune disease, or prior ocular surgeries can significantly increase the risk and severity of postoperative inflammatory responses. Typical postoperative inflammation usually presents within the first few days and responds effectively to topical corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. In contrast, red flag signs—such as severe ocular pain, rapid vision decline, hypopyon, fibrin formation, or marked anterior chamber reaction—should raise suspicion for infectious endophthalmitis and prompt urgent intervention. Risk factors including wound leak, retained lens fragments, vitreous loss, or systemic immunosuppression further heighten concern. When media opacity limits direct examination, imaging tools such as anterior segment OCT and B-scan ultrasonography may assist diagnosis. Additionally, evidence supports tailored anti-inflammatory regimens perioperatively. Early recognition, patient education regarding warning symptoms, and timely referral to specialized care are critical in preventing irreversible visual loss. By identifying subtle clinical cues and considering patient-specific risk factors, ophthalmologists can effectively differentiate inflammation from infection and safeguard postoperative visual outcomes.
  • The Clouded Cornea After Surgery: Clearing the View (Presentation and Discussion)
    許志堅 Chih-Chien HsuTaiwan Speaker
  • Pseudophakic Macular Edema: Stopping Vision Loss Before It Starts (Presentation and Discussion)
    許聖民 Sheng-Min HsuTaiwan Speaker Pseudophakic Macular Edema: Stopping Vision Loss Before It StartsPseudophakic macular edema (Ervine-Gass syndrome) remains the most common cause of decreased visual acuity after uneventful cataract surgery. Previous study reported that 26.8% of eyes with pseudophakic macular edema did not recover 6/6 vision. Clinically significant pseudophakic macular edema impairing patients' vision is found in 1-2% of patients with its peak 6 weeks following surgery, but subclinical macular edema can be seen in about 30% of patients in FA and up to 40% in OCT. To date, there are no uniform recommendations for the treatment of pseudophakic macular edema. Therefore, I will present two cases of pseudophakic macular edema here and discuss the strategies for treatment.
  • Get the Things Right: Correction of IOL Subluxation (Presentation and Discussion)
    蔡翔翎 Shawn TsaiTaiwan Speaker Get the Things Right: Correction of IOL SubluxationDislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) is an uncommon (0.2–3%) yet potentially serious complication, in which the IOL deviates from its normal anatomical position. It may arise from complicated cataract surgery, ocular trauma, previous vitreoretinal surgery, high myopia, or systemic or ocular conditions associated with zonular weakness. While mild cases may be observed initially, surgical intervention is usually required when significant visual symptoms occur. Various surgical techniques can be employed depending on the surgeon’s experience and the clinical scenario. In this presentation, I will demonstrate two approaches: the “twist-and-out” IOL removal and the “Yamane technique” for secondary IOL fixation. The advantages, limitations, and practical considerations of these techniques will also be discussed.
  • End the Bad Luck: Strategies for Refractive Surprise (Presentation and Discussion)
    簡克鴻 Ke-Hung ChienTaiwan Speaker End the Bad Luck: Strategies for Refractive SurpriseDr. Chien will discuss the phenomenon of refraction surprise following cataract surgery—a postoperative outcome in which the patient’s refractive result differs from the intended target. Despite significant advancements in biometry technology, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas, and surgical techniques, refractive unpredictability can still occur and remains a noteworthy challenge in contemporary cataract surgery. A variety of factors may contribute to refraction surprise, including inaccurate axial length measurement, corneal surface irregularities, posterior corneal astigmatism, unrecognized IOL tilt or decentration, and intraoperative issues such as capsular instability. Additionally, postoperative anatomical changes may further alter refractive outcomes. Recognizing risk factors early and ensuring meticulous preoperative assessment are essential. When refraction surprise does occur, management options depend on both the underlying etiology and the magnitude of refractive deviation. Strategies include corneal refractive enhancement, piggyback IOL implantation, IOL exchange, or non-surgical approaches such as updating spectacles or contact lenses. Through case discussions and surgical experience sharing, Dr. Chien will present practical methods for preventing, diagnosing, and managing this complication—ultimately enhancing patient satisfaction and improving visual outcomes.
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